Page 153 - A Step-By-Step Guide to Questionnaire Validation Research

the quality of life among diabetic patients does not exist

and hence, the DQoL was merely designed and developed

for use within a specific clinical trial project by the DCCT

Research Group, 1988.

A er the study findings of the clinical trial project

were published in 1988, the DQoL instrument had sparked

interest among many researchers from all over the world

to use the same questionnaire. Some of these researchers

had assisted to perform the questionnaire validation for

DQoL in different languages such as Spanish, Turkish,

Japanese, Chinese, Taiwanese, Iranian, and Malaysian

(Reviriego et al., 1996; Cheng et al., 1999; Yildirim et al.,

2007; Huang et al., 2008; Pakpour et al., 2012; Sato et al.,

2014; Bujang et al., 2017). Most of these studies reported

that DQoL have demonstrated evidence of excellent

reliability but only some evidence of validity. However, it

must be emphasized that the evidence for its validity is not