Page 54 - A Step-By-Step Guide to Questionnaire Validation Research

items that require modification upon performing an initial

evaluation of the content validity of the original

questionnaire; then it will usually be recommended for the

researchers to choose another suitable questionnaire if

available. Otherwise, the only viable option remains for a

researcher might be to develop a new questionnaire from

scratch.

2.2 Translation process

Translation of the original questionnaire is an

important step for establishing the validity of a

questionnaire. This process involves initially translating

the questionnaire from the foreign language into a local

language and at the same time matching the semantic

feature of each item or question as closely as possible with

that of the original questionnaire (Wild et al., 2005). Past

research work in this area revealed that there were many