Page 30 - A Step-By-Step Guide to Questionnaire Validation Research

observed variable and then infer mathematically the

unseen or latent variable from the observed variable. It is

well-known that the questionnaire which measures the

latent variable(s) is o en the most difficult to develop and

validate because unlike the first and second types of

questionnaires, it is more difficult to measure the latent

variable(s) since they are interpreted in a purely subjective

way, i.e. different respondents can possibly perceive the

latent variable(s) differently (Bujang & Tan-Hui, 2022).