Page 103 - Malaysian Journal of Health Promotion, Vol 4 (Supplementary 1) 2022

Malaysian Journal of Health Promotion, Vol 4 (Supplementary 1) 2022
rd
14 MOH-AMM Scientific Meeting 2022 in conjunction with 23 NIH Scientific Conference Abstract Book
th
The estimated cost per ambulance utilization per month was calculated using apportionment
methods. One-way sensitivity analysis with a 20% change in the magnitude of the input
variables was performed to identify key drivers of the ambulance services cost.
RESULTS: The analysis estimated that the total cost per month of ambulance services in
hospitals and clinics were MYR 11,410.44 and MYR 9,574.39, respectively. The unit cost per
ambulance utilization for hospitals was calculated at MYR 330.15 per trip, MYR 5.50 per km
travelled, and MYR 184.09 per hour. Whereas the unit cost of ambulance services for clinics
was MYR 225.68 per trip MYR 4.25 per km travelled, and MYR 105.13 per hour. A sensitivity
analysis revealed that personnel salary and duration of ambulance usage were the key drivers
of the ambulance costs.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Estimates provided in this study may be useful for policymakers
as a benchmark cost for the possibility of future policy for outsourcing the ambulance services.

ID 111 THE EFFECTS OF CANCER-RELATED COSTS ON LOWER-INCOME GROUP OF PATIENTS:
AFFORDABILITY APPROACH

Nur Amalina Zaimi, Farhana Aminuddin, Nor Zam Azihan Mohd Hassan
Centre of Health Economics Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Ministry of Health Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: Cancer has a significant economic impact on both patients and the country’s
health system. For cancer patients, cancer may impose significant economic costs. This study
aimed to assess the affordability of healthcare among the lower-income group of cancer
patients through impoverishment and catastrophic approach.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design study was conducted from the perspective of cancer
patients from the lower-income group in Malaysia (Bottom 40 per cent, B40). An interviewer-
administered questionnaire was performed using a structured questionnaire which covers a
section on sociodemographic, costs related to cancer and household expenditure. A poverty
line income in Malaysia (RM2,208) was used to determine impoverishment and thresholds at
10, 25 and 40 per cent were used to calculate the catastrophic expenditure of cancer-related
costs.
RESULTS: This study found that before spending on cancer-related costs, 56.4 per cent (n=22)
households were already lived below the poverty line. After spending, 66.7 per cent (n=26)
households became impoverished below the poverty line. Findings of this study also showed
that 24 households experienced catastrophic expenditure, followed by 10 and 14 households
at 10, 25 and 40 per cent thresholds respectively.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The out-of-pocket payments for cancer-related costs impose a
significant risk on the lower-income household for experiencing impoverishment and
catastrophic spending. These further warrants attention by the government to focus on the
need of cancer patients, especially those affected financially.

ID 112 COST ANALYSIS OF PHARMACY VALUE-ADDED SERVICES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
FACILITIES

Izzati Yussof, Nor Haizan Ibrahim @ Ghazali, Asilah Che Ayub, Norsyazana Ab Hashim, Choon Ching Ju, Chee
Chew Yee, Asma Amalina Abdul Rani and Helmi Hafiz Hashim
Pharmaceutical Services Division, Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur

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