Page 119 - A Step-By-Step Guide to Questionnaire Validation Research

This is because although the post-tests in the

validation procedure, which are usually based on

factor-analytic techniques such as EFA and CFA, are more

scientific and rigorous, the preliminary steps for

conducting a content analysis on the scales are still

mandatory because whenever a new scale or

questionnaire needs to be developed, following a

structured method will enable us to develop a quality

instrument, since any mistakes committed in the initial

stages of scale development will o en lead to problems in

the later stages. This also means that any decisions which

arise from the preliminary content analysis on the scales

shall be allowed to override those that are derived from

post-tests in the validation procedure.

Hence, it must be emphasized that many problems

can arise if a researcher decides to introduce a totally

different construct into the original questionnaire, or not