Page 7 - WELFARE IN MALAYSIA ACROSS THREE DECADES: THE STATE OF HOUSEHOLDS 2020 PART 1

GLOSSAR Y
GLOSSARY
Absolute poverty : A condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human
needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation, health,
shelter and education.
Source: UN (1995)
Consumer price index : A measure that tracks the changes in the weighted average of prices
(CPI) of a representative basket of goods and services purchased by
consumers in an economy.
Source: World Bank (2019)

Current transfer : Current transfers consist of all transfers that are not transfers of
capital; they directly affect the level of disposable income and
should influence the consumption of goods or services.
Source: OECD (2008)

Deindustrialisation : A trend of declining share of employment in manufacturing and the
share of manufacturing value added in GDP.
Source: International Monetary Fund (1997)

Disposable income : Refers to the amount of income after deducting current transfer
payments including compulsory payments such as taxes, zakat and
contributions to social security schemes.
Source: DOS (2020b)

Gini coefficient : A measure of inequality in the extent to which the distribution of
income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among
individuals or households within an economy deviates from a
perfectly equal distribution. Values range between 0 and 1, where
0 denotes complete equality while 1 denotes complete inequality.
Source: DOS (2020b)

Growth elasticity of : A measure in assessing the impact of growth on poverty, i.e. how
poverty much poverty reduction occurs at a given rate of income growth.
Source: Iradian (2005)

Imputed rent : Rental equivalents—that is, the estimated rent that a tenant would
pay for an identical accommodation, taking into consideration
factors such as the type of dwelling, its size, its facilities, its location
and neighbourhood amenities.
Source: OECD and Statistical Office of the European Communities
(2007)

Inflation : A general increase in prices, usually expressed as an annual
percentage rate of change as measured by the CPI.
Source: UNDESA (2007)

Labour income : Refers to how labour income is distributed among all workers.
dispersion Source: ILO Data Production Analysis Unit (2019)

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