Page 41 - nhms2016 maternal and child findings

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National Health And Morbidity Survey 2016 : Maternal And Child Health (MCH) Volume II : Findings

among children from Perak [56.5% (95% CI: 47.02-65.54)]. The prevalence of children who
fulfilled the minimum meal frequency requirement were children from rural areas [85.0% (95%
CI: 82.29-87.28) as compared to children from urban areas [78.5% (95% CI:75.66-81.10)]. On
the other hand, Other Bumiputeras [91.5% (95% CI: 82.32-91.70)] were significantly more
likely to fulfil the minimum meal frequency requirement than Indian children [60.8% (95% CI:
50.18-70.44)]. There was also a significantly higher prevalence of children with minimum meal
frequency from the lowest household income groups [87.8% (95% CI: 82.55-91.58)] while the
lowest was observed among children from higher income groups of RM5000 and above
[76.7% (95% CI: 72.79-80.16)]. However, there was no significant difference between sex,
marital status, educational and occupational status of the mothers.

Minimum Dietary Diversity
The overall prevalence of minimum dietary diversity (children who received foods from four or
more food groups during the previous day) was 66.4% (95% CI: 63.94-68.70). By state,
Terengganu had the highest prevalence of minimum dietary diversity [89.6% (95% CI: 83.84-
93.46)] and the lowest was seen in Kelantan [27.5% (95% CI: 23.01-32.43)]. There was a
significant higher prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among Other Bumiputera [81.0%
(95% CI: 76.86-84.60)] than Malays [61.0% (95% CI: 57.69-64.19)]. However, there was no
significant difference between sex, marital status, educational level, household income and
occupation of the mother.

Minimum Acceptable Diet
The overall prevalence of minimum acceptable diet (children who breastfed at least the
minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency during the previous day for breastfed
and non-breastfed) was 53.1% (95% CI: 50.80-55.35). By state, Malacca had the highest
prevalence of children with minimum acceptable diet [72.5% (95% CI: 66.52-77.79)] while the
lowest was in Kelantan [25.1% (95% CI: 20.76-30.09)]. The prevalence of children with
minimum acceptable diet was higher among children from rural areas [58.2% (95% CI: 55.09-
61.32) as compared to children from urban areas [50.3% (95% CI: 47.27-53.26). Based on
ethnicity, there was a higher prevalence among Other Bumiputera [69.8% (95% CI: 65.03-
74.21)] and the lowest was among Indian [40.6% (95% CI: 32.48-49.33)]. There was a higher
prevalence of children with minimum acceptable diet from the lowest household income group
[60.1% (95% CI: 52.91-66.79)] while the lowest was children from the middle income group
RM2000-RM2999 [47.9% (95% CI: 41.86-54.03)] (Table 5.3.2.9).

Factors that influence the decision to stop breastfeeding among children 0-23 months

Overall, 93.2% of mothers reported that they were not influenced by their employer, husband,
mother, mother-in-law, grandmother in making the decision to stop breastfeeding. It was
indeed the mother’s own decision to stop breastfeeding. The three major reported barriers in
practicing breastfeeding or factors that influenced the mothers to stop breastfeeding were
having not enough milk [59.0% (95% CI: 55.43-62.38)], followed by tiredness due to work
[16.4% (95% CI: 14.25-18.83)] and the baby having trouble suckling or latching on [8.6% (95%
CI: 7.21-10.23)]. Some of the major factors related to the decision to stop breastfeeding among
working mothers were difficulty to allocate time for breastfeeding or expressing breast milk
[89.1 (95% CI: 59.53-97.84)], followed by difficulty in storing expressed breast milk [46.6 (95%
CI: 25.25-69.26)] and mothers who found it hard to find a place to breastfeed or express breast
milk at work [44.7 (95% CI: 23.82-67.62)] (Table 5.3.2.10).

Milk Feeding Practice among children 0-23 months

Breastfeed or bottle feed just before sleep or during sleep
The prevalence of children who were breastfed or bottle fed just before or during sleep was
88.3% (95% CI: 86.42-90.01). By state, Negeri Sembilan had the highest percentage of
children who were breastfed or bottle fed just before or during sleep [97.8% (95% CI: 94.71-