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National Health And Morbidity Survey 2016 : Maternal And Child Health (MCH) Volume II : Findings

4.1 Vaccination

Contributors : Noor Ani Ahmad, Rohani Jahis, Aminah Bee Mohd. Kassim, Rozita Ab. Rahman, Mariam Jamaludin, Rokiah
Mohamad, Sazidah Mohd Karli, Lim Kuang Kuay,Siti Norfadhilah Zainal Abidin, Santhi Ramasamy, Faridah Abu Bakar,
Safurah Jaafar,Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Tahir Aris

4.1.1 Introduction

The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 aimed to reduce child mortality by two thirds between
1
1990 and 2015 and immunization was an important component towards achieving this goal. In
addition, the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), which was endorsed by the 194 Member States of
the World Health Assembly in May 2012, targeted in delivering universal access to immunization. 2
WHO Member States have committed to four global immunization goals, (1) sustaining and achieve
world free polio, (2) meet global and regional elimination targets i.e. maternal and neonatal tetanus
elimination, measles elimination, Hepatitis B accelerated control and Rubella elimination, (3) meet the
immunisation coverage target, and (4) introduction of new vaccines. In 2014, the Regional Committee
for the Western Pacific Region endorsed the Regional Framework of the Global vaccine Action Plan
in the Western Pacific which specified eight (8) goals: (1) sustaining polio-free status; (2) measles
elimination; (3) rubella elimination; (4) maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination; (5) accelerated
control of hepatitis B; (6) accelerated control of Japanese encephalitis; (7) introduction of new
vaccines; and (8) meeting regional vaccination coverage targets.

The vaccination coverage targets set by the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy 2006–2015
(GIVS), endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2005 in resolution WHA58.15, were 90% national
3
vaccination coverage and 80% vaccination coverage in every district by 2010. These targets have
been maintained and further elaborated in GVAP as 90% national coverage and 80% coverage in
every district with three doses of DTP-containing vaccines by 2015, and 90% national vaccination
coverage and 80% vaccination coverage in every district with all vaccines in national programmes,
unless otherwise recommended, by 2020.

In Malaysia, the vaccination coverage target is set based on the goals and the availability of vaccines
in the facilities. As many vaccines are in combinations and the targeted diseases have different basic
production (Ro), target for vaccination coverage is 95% for all. Health services in Malaysia are
provided by government as well as the private health facilities. So are the vaccinationion services.
Currently, here is no single reliable system for tracking of each individual’s vaccination status. Thus,
a household nation-wide survey is important in the assessment of valid and reliable vaccination
coverage of the country.

4.1.2 Findings

Out of 11,388 respondents eligible for this module, 10,140 responded to this survey, with a response
rate of 89.0%. Comparison of the sociodemographic profiles of the two groups is shown in Table
4.1.2.1. The percentage of non-citizen among those who did not respond to the survey was higher
compared to the percentage of non-citizen among those who responded, but as the total non-citizen
eligible for this study was only 4.2%, the impact to this difference was negligible.

1 http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/child_mortality/en/
2 http://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_doc_2011_2020/en/
3 http://www.wpro.who.int/about/regional_committee/65/documents/wpr_rc065_8_epi_corr1.pdf