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intervals, multiplied by the remaining life expectancy for the
specific age group. As such, the formula as follow:

YLL(c,s,a,t) = N(c,s,a,t) x LE(s,a,t)

Where:

N (c,s,a,t) is the number of deaths due to the cause; c, for the
given age; a, and gender; s, in year; t

LE (s,a,t) is the life expectancy for the given age; a, gender; s,
in year; t

Life expectancy for each of the years calculated and was
obtained from the published figures from the Department
of Statistics Malaysia. For mortality data, the data was
obtained from vital registration under National Registration
Department (NRD). In Malaysia, the mortality data were
divided into two main death which were:

Medically certified deaths: Deaths that occur in health
facilities and are certified as to cause of death by the attending
physician. The deaths will be given specific code follow by
the 10 edition of ICD 10 Code (Can refer to Appendix I).
th

Non-medically certified deaths: Deaths that occur outside
health facilities and are reported to the local police station by
the next of kin, who also provide a “lay” opinion of the cause
of death. The death usually will code using Department of
Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) death code (Can refer to Appendix
II).

Before the mortality data can be used, several measurement
steps were done to ensure the data was reliable and be used.
The steps as follow:

4 Malaysian Burden Of Disease And Injury Study 2015-2017
CENTRE FOR BURDEN OF DISEASE RESEARCH, INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH